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法律透视 | 数据投毒:错误数据如何污染AI模型
29 January 2026
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引言
律师行业往往倾向于在特定领域发展专长,例如金融、公司法、海运、保险。据我观察,绝大多数律师在职业初期,都会接受全面的法律训练,而后(无论出于个人选择、机缘巧合或多种因素的结合)逐渐在某一特定领域深耕。这种专业化并非一蹴而就,而是一个循序渐进的过程——律师在扎实的法律基础上,逐步学习并理解所涉行业的运作规律。例如,一位初级律师或许起初对金融知之甚少,但若志在成为金融法律师,就必须深入理解金融市场的运作机制以及各类金融工具。这往往需要经年累月的积累,因为律师必须掌握一门原本并非自身专长的学科。
职业路径亦有例外。有些律师在转行执业前曾受训于其他专业领域,而先前的背景常会影响他们日后的专业方向。例如,从医生转行为律师的在医疗法领域具备天然优势;会计师出身的律师则可能在公司金融法方面独具所长。
我自己的经历则兼具两者。我的法律专业方向是金融法,因此同样是从一名律师起步,一点点熟悉金融实务。但数据科学的经历却是相反路径:我并非以律师身份逐渐涉足数据科学,而是“空降式”投入到这一全新领域。攻读数据科学硕士期间,我学习了数学、编程、计算机科学及许多令人着迷的学科。如今,我希望从数据科学的角度出发,重新回到法律领域,探索两者之间的联系。
我对这段旅程充满期待。律师常对STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)科目望而生畏——多少人是因“我不擅长数学”而选择法律?但既然我亲身经历过这一学习过程,我想或许(仅仅是或许)存在一种方式,能用律师能够理解的方式来解释STEM概念。
我作此尝试的另一原因,是希望探寻法律与数据科学——或更广义上为“法律与数据”——的交集。一个显而易见的例子便是“数据隐私法”。因此,我计划撰写一系列文章,探讨数据隐私法中出现的问题与概念。如今,数据隐私合规工作往往既需要专业的法律理解,又涉及计算机技术层面的相关技能。我希望我的文章能在法律与技术视角之间提供某种平衡。尽管我的切入点或许更侧重于向法律人普及STEM概念,但也期待这些文字能为数据科学家、工程师等群体,打开法律与合规的视角。




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Article
Navigating the New Public Float Requirements: Key Changes and Practical Considerations for Listed Issuers
08 January 2026
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The New Market Value-Based Thresholds
Under the New Public Float Requirements, issuers are required to comply with one of the ongoing public float thresholds below at all times.
| The Initial Prescribed Threshold
(Main Board Rules 13.32B(1) and 19A.28B(1)(a) / GEM Rules 17.37B(1) and 25.21B(1)(a)) |
The Alternative Threshold (NEW)
(Main Board Rules 13.32B(2) and 19A.28B(1)(b) / GEM Rules 17.37B(2) and 25.21B(1)(b)) |
| Existing issuers listed under this regime will continue to maintain a public float of at least 25% (or a lower percentage previously granted by the Exchange at listing). | Issuers may opt for this new threshold, provided they meet both conditions:
(a) The public float has a market value of at least HK$1 billion (Note (1)); and (b) The public float constitutes at least 10% of the issuer’s total issued shares of the listed class (excluding treasury shares) (Note (2)).
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| Note (1): The market value of an issuer’s public float is calculated by multiplying (a) the number of shares held by the public as of the date of determination by (b) the volume weighted average price of the class of shares listed on the Exchange over the 125 trading days (or all trading days since listing, if shorter, in the case of a PRC issuer with other listed shares) immediately prior to the date of determination.
Note (2): The Alternative Threshold is not available to an issuer whose shares have traded for fewer than 125 trading days since listing. Where its listed shares have been suspended from trading for more than five consecutive business days during the 125-trading-day reference period, the Exchange reserves the discretion to extend the period. |
|
Bespoke Rules for PRC Issuers with Other Listed Shares
Under Main Board Rule 19A.28B (GEM Rules 25.21B), PRC issuers with shares listed on another exchange (such as A+H issuers) are subject to a bespoke requirement. Their H-share public float must satisfy one of the following:
(a) constitute at least 5% of the total number of issued shares in the class to which H shares belong; or
(b) have a market value of at least HK$1 billion.
Additional Reporting & Disclosure
All issuers now face increased disclosure duties under Main Board Rules 13.32D and 19A.28D (GEM Rules 17.37D and 25.21D) which are summarised below.
| Reporting Obligation | Monthly Return | Annual Report |
| Confirmation of compliance with the applicable Ongoing Public Float Threshold | All issuers | All issuers |
| Minimum public float percentage threshold | Issuers relying on the Initial Prescribed Threshold | Issuers relying on the Initial Prescribed Threshold |
| Actual public float percentage | Issuers relying on the Alternative Threshold | All issuers |
| Actual public float market value | Issuers relying on the Alternative Threshold | Issuers relying on the Alternative Threshold |
| Share ownership composition | Not applicable | All issuers |
| Share capital structure | Not applicable | All issuers |
Disclosures concerning public float must be founded upon information that is publicly accessible or, alternatively, within the knowledge of the issuer’s directors or supervisors (in the case of a PRC issuer). For this purpose, the Exchange does not expect issuers to exhaust all possible means to ascertain the underlying shareholders, for example, an issuer is not expected to conduct an investigation under section 329 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (“SFO”) (see paragraph 10 of Guidance Letter (HKEX-GL121-26) (“Guidance Letter”)).
However, an issuer must make reasonable efforts to determine its public float for the purpose of the disclosure. For example, an issuer is expected to:
(a) incorporate the information reported in filings made under Part XV of the SFO; and
(b) put in place necessary internal control procedures to ensure that its core connected persons (and other persons who are not considered “the public”) are aware of the requirement, and will promptly inform the issuer of their initial shareholdings and any subsequent changes in their shareholdings.
The issuer should incorporate information received under such procedures with any other non-public shareholding that has not been disclosed in public filings (e.g. in situations where the relationship of the shareholder with the issuer does not trigger filing requirement) but is known to directors or supervisors (in the case of a PRC issuer). This may include, for example, connected persons at subsidiary level holding less than 5% of the shares of the listed issuer.
Annual Reports
Main Board Rules 13.32D(2)(c)(iii)(1) and 19A.28D(2)(c)(iii)(1) (GEM Rules 17.37D(2)(c)(iii)(1) and 25.21D(2)(c)(iii)(1)) require an issuer to set out, in each of its annual reports, a statement showing the composition of ownership of the relevant class of shares listed on the Exchange as at the end of the relevant financial year.
Share Ownership Composition
Summarised below, as a minimum, is a breakdown categorising shareholders as “public” or “non-public”.
| Group of shareholders | Expected disclosure | |
| Shareholders who are not members of “the public” | ||
| (i) | Substantial shareholders of the listed issuer and their close associates | Individual shareholding of each shareholder on an individually named basis (Note) |
| (ii) | Directors, supervisors, chief executives of the listed issuer and their close associates | |
| (iii) | Any other persons excluded from the definition of “the public”, e.g. directors and substantial shareholders of subsidiaries of the listed issuer | Aggregate shareholding of the group |
| Shareholders who are members of “the public” | ||
| (i) | Persons who fall within the definition of “the public” and have disclosed their interests pursuant to Part XV of the SFO | Individual shareholding of each shareholder on an individually named basis (Note) |
| (ii) | A trustee holding shares which are regarded as being held by “the public” pursuant to the Note to Main Board Rule 8.24 / Note 3 to GEM Rule 11.23, i.e. an independent trustee holding granted (vested or unvested) shares of a share scheme of the issuer on behalf of independent scheme participants | |
| (iii) | Any other members of “the public” | Aggregate shareholding of the group |
Note: The disclosure should indicate the name of each shareholder and the nature of its relationship with the issuer.
Share Capital Structure
Main Board Rules 13.32D(2)(c)(iii)(2) and 19A.28D(2)(c)(iii)(2) (GEM Rules 17.37D(2)(c)(iii)(2) and 25.21D(2)(c)(iii)(2)) require an issuer to set out, in each of its annual reports, a statement showing its share capital structure as at the end of the relevant financial year. This statement must detail all types/classes of securities, including their percentage of total shares, ranking, and any special voting rights.
Identification and Consequences of Significant Public Float Shortfall
A public float shortfall is considered as a “Significant Public Float Shortfall” under the Listing Rules unless a portion of the issuer’s class of shares listed on the Exchange and held by the public:
(a) represents at least 15% of the issuer’s total number of issued shares in the class of shares listed (excluding treasury shares) (or for an issuer subject to a minimum public float percentage lower than 25% at the time of its initial listing, represents at least 50% of the issuer’s Initial Prescribed Threshold); or
(b) has a market value of at least HK$500 million and represents at least 5% of the issuer’s total number of issued shares in the class of shares listed (excluding treasury shares).
In the case of a PRC issuer with other listed shares, a public float shortfall is considered as a Significant Public Float Shortfall under the Listing Rules unless its H shares listed on the Exchange and held by the public:
(a) have a market value of at least HK$500 million; or
(b) represent at least 5% of the PRC issuer’s total number of issued shares in the class to which H shares belong (excluding treasury shares).
An issuer must, upon becoming aware of a Significant Public Float Shortfall: (a) issue an initial announcement; and (b) until it has restored its public float, include a warning statement in all announcements and documents required to be published by the Listing Rules.
The Exchange will identify issuers with a Significant Public Float Shortfall based on the market capitalization and percentage of their public float. Trading in such shares will not be suspended immediately, but a marker “-PF” will be added after the stock name. If the issuer fails to restore its public float within a remedial period of 18 months (12 months for GEM), the Exchange will cancel the listing of the shares of such issuer.
Issuers should therefore conduct proactive modeling and scenario planning and take at least the following actions:
(a) continuously monitor the company’s position against the Significant Public Float Shortfall safety nets (e.g., 15% or HK$500 million + 5%) to avoid accidentally triggering the severe “-PF” regime; and
(b) before any share buyback, placement, or takeover, rigorously model the impact on both main threshold and the Significant Public Float Shortfall safe harbour levels.
Mandatory Actions Upon a Public Float Shortfall
Under Main Board Rules 13.32E(1)(b) and 19A.28E(1)(b) (GEM Rules 17.37E(1)(b) and 25.21E(1)(b)), an issuer must publish an announcement to inform the public within one business day after it becomes aware that it has a public float shortfall.
Main Board Rules 13.32E(2)(b), 13.32E(3), 19A.28E(2)(b) and 19A.28E(3) (GEM Rules 17.37E(2)(b),17.37E(3), 25.21E(2)(b) and 25.21E(3)) set out that for as long as a public float shortfall exists, the issuer itself, its directors, supervisors (for PRC issuers), and their close associates must not take any action that will further lower the issuer’s public float percentage, unless in exceptional circumstances.
This ordinarily means that directors should not, and should procure that their close associates should not, further increase their shareholding in the issuer. The Exchange has the power to impose sanctions on any director or other person if they are found to have caused by action or omission, or knowingly participated in, a contravention of the Listing Rules, e.g. a breach of the public float requirements.
Paragraph 26 of the Guidance Letter explains some of the “exceptional circumstances” to include the following:
(a) the issuer subsequently seeking privatisation (e.g. by repurchasing shares through the making of a general offer);
(b) compliance with court orders or regulatory enforcement actions; and
(c) the temporary holding of shares pursuant to a pre-existing arrangement, followed immediately by disposal as part of a transaction to restore a public float shortfall.
Conclusion
The New Public Float Requirements are introduced to address the increasingly different circumstances of existing and new issuers listed on the Exchange and allow flexibility for issuers to comply with the public float requirements as the Exchange welcomes more new listings.
For further information, please feel free to contact the authors of this newsletter or your usual contact at CFN Lawyers LLP for assistance.
Authors
| PATRICK WONG
Partner Email: patrick.wong@cfnlaw.com.hk Tel: +852 3583 0263
|
FION LEUNG
Paralegal Email: fion.leung@cfnlaw.com.hk Tel: +852 3468 5219
|
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陈冯吴律师事务所有限法律责任合伙为《法律500强》第六版另类投资基金比较指南撰写了香港章节
17 September 2025
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陈冯吴律师事务所有限法律责任合伙荣幸宣布本所合伙人袁凯(Keith Yuan)及冯宝仪(Bowie Fung)为《法律500强:另类投资基金比较指南》第六版撰写了香港章节。这一权威出版物汇集了全球领先的法律观点,我们很荣幸能代表香港不断发展的另类投资基金(AIF)领域发表见解。
我们的撰稿全面概述了香港另类投资基金的法律与监管框架,该章节重点探讨了以下内容:
基金结构:分析了有限合伙基金(LPF)和开放式基金型公司(OFC)等香港本地基金架构以及香港常见的离岸基金架构;
• 投资者保护:剖析了惯常使用的责任保护机制及如何被界定为被动投资者的监管考量;
• 市场动向:介绍了应用于不同资产类别的大中华地区基金架构的发展趋势;
• 监管环境:解读《证券及期货条例》(SFO)及其对本地基金运营和募集的影响;
• 流动性管理:介绍了应对基金赎回与流动性风险的常用工具;
• 税务处理:点评了香港施行的统一基金税收豁免制度及其对选择基金注册地的影响;
• 费用结构:评述了最为常见的管理费与表现费模型,包括解析了分步分配与门槛收益率的机制;
• 申请牌照与基金募集:说明了分别针对专业及零售投资者的牌照要求与相关的募资策略指引。
The Legal 500是总部位于伦敦的国际权威法律评级机构。近年来,The Legal 500针对若干重点业务领域发布比较法律指南,邀请该业务领域的顶尖律师行及专业律师,分享不同司法区域的法律规定和实践经验。
袁凯律师(Keith Yuan)拥有超过二十年的律师执业经验,同时持有中国内地、香港特别行政区以及英格兰和威尔士三地律师牌照。袁律师主要从事投资基金设立和合规、私募股权投资以及企业融资业务,尤其在架构搭建和项目执行方面拥有丰富的实践经验;袁律师多次被The Legal 500以及《国际金融法律评论》(IFLR1000)评为大中华区投资基金(Investment funds)领域的高度受推荐律师。
冯宝仪律师(Bowie Fung)是陈冯吴律师事务所有限法律责任合伙的创始合伙人。她拥有超过20年的执业经验,专注于为高净值人士、上市公司及持牌机构提供法律咨询服务,当中包括企业融资、信托设立、股权与债务投资、并购、首次公开募股(IPO)、公司治理、环境、社会与管治(ESG)、监管合规、内制及公司秘书事宜及其他一般商业法律事务。冯律师是首批考获2021年粤港澳大湾区律师执业考试的香港律师。在非常繁忙的执业律师生涯中,冯律师亦努力贡献社会,2022年起获政府委任为中国香港空运牌照局成员。冯律师亦担任国际认证财务顾问师协会(香港及澳门分会) 的香港法律顾问,以及担任香港恒生大学知识交流学院环球家族办公室及财富管理平台咨询委员会成员。她现时是香港律师会家族办公室实务委员会的成员。冯律师于2019、2020、2021、2022、2023 及 2024 年被《商法月刊》编辑部选为「法律精英:中国 业务优秀律师」之一 。
我所投资基金业务部的杨宝桦 (Paula Yang) 亦参与了起草工作。
这一里程碑体现了陈冯吴律师事务所有限法律责任合伙在另类投资基金领域的建树和市场领先地位,以及我们致力于支持创新、推动普惠金融和促进全球资本流动的努力。
我们衷心感谢《法律500强》提供此次合作机会。
如欲阅读完整章节,请浏览:https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/hong-kong-alternative-investment-funds/
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內地判決申請在香港登记及執行的挑战中国民生信托有限公司v傅军 ([2025] HKCA 462)
28 July 2025
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简介
香港现行法律框架下存在两套不同的制度管辖内地判决在香港执行的登记申请。一般而言,若相关内地判决于2024年1月29日前生效,则根据香港法例第597章《内地民商事判决(相互执行)条例》(「旧制度」)申请在香港登记。若判决于2024年1月29日起生效,则根据香港法例第645章《内地民商事判决(相互强制执行)条例》(「新制度」)申请在香港登记 (除了某些被排除的判决 (excluded judgment)以外)。
尽管新制度已生效,某些内地判决仍需根据旧制度申请在香港登记。就执行而言,已登记的内地判决具有犹如香港法庭作出的判决相同的效力及效果。经登记后,判决债权人便可在香港执行该内地判决。
并非所有内地判决都能够根据新、旧制度获香港法院批准在香港登记。在旧制度下,可登记的内地判决必须属民商事性质及至少需符合以下要求:(a)判决属指定内地法院的选用法院作出;(b)判决的标的协议存在有效的选用内地法院协议;(c)判决对判决各方而言是最终及不可推翻的判决;(d)判决可以在内地执行; 及(e)判决饬令缴付一笔款项(该笔款项需为既非须就税款或类似性质的其他收费而缴付,亦非须就罚款或其他罚则而缴付的)。
尽管新、旧制度的实施为跨境判决执行提供了法律框架,近期的中国民生信托有限公司v 傅军([2025] HKCA 462)一案中,却突显了旧制度的局限性。 因内地、香港司法制度各自存在独特性,某些类型的内地判决仍无法根据旧制度在香港登记。
背景
在2019年,中国民生信托有限公司 (「原告人」) 根据四份贷款协议(「贷款协议」)向新华联控股有限公司 (「借款人」)提供了四笔贷款,傅军 (「被告人」) 则根据四份担保协议(「担保协议」) 提供了担保。
根据贷款协议及担保协议,原告人、借款人及被告人各自确认向北京市长安公证处申请对合同办理强制执行公证。 若被告人不履行义务,原告人可直接向有管辖权的人民法院申请强制执行,无需经过诉讼程序;而被告人将自愿接受强制执行,无需经过诉讼程序。
借款人未能按时还款,原告人根据贷款协议及担保协议向北京长安公证处申请了「执行证书」,然后向内地法院申请强制执行贷款协议及担保协议。
北京市第三中级人民法院(「北京法院」)于 2020年12月1日作出裁定,确认被执行人无可供执行财产,确认被执行人负有继续向申请执行人履行债务的义务。
原告人随后向香港高等法院原讼法庭(「原讼法庭」)申请登记该内地判决,以便在香港执行。 在原讼法庭批准登记该内地判决后,被告人向原讼法庭申请撤销该登记。
原讼法庭作出裁定
2024年2月29日,原讼法庭作出裁定,撤销该登记,理由为该内地判决中提到的「被执行人负有继续向申请执行人履行债务的义务」仅描述了被告人对原告人的履行责任,并不具备「要求」被告人支付任何款项的效力。原讼法庭认为虽然该内地裁决描述了被告人的付款义务,但并不构成旧制度中第5(2)(e) 条的规定,即该判决必须「饬令缴付一笔款项」。
上诉
原告人不服原讼法庭的裁定,提起上诉。 2025年5月21日,香港高等法院上诉法庭(「上诉法庭」)驳回了上诉,维持原判。
上诉法庭同意原讼法庭裁定该内地判决并不符合旧制度第5(2)(e) 条。 就内地判决而言,所涉债务乃由北京长安公证处根据公证债权文书作出裁定。北京法院在该内地判决中的裁定仅针对公证债权文书中所载债务的执行程序,并没有对标的债务额本身作出裁定; 而该内地判决中提到的「被执行人负有继续向申请执行人履行债务的义务」仅属描述性质,并不是直接命令被执行人支付款项。 因此,该内地判决并不符合旧制度中第5(2)(e) 条中规定判决必须「饬令缴付一笔款项」,并不符合旧制度下对于「内地判决」的定义,该判决不能在香港登记。
法律影响
上诉法庭的裁定反映在旧制度下,内地法院对仅确认债务义务的裁定或不足以获批准在香港登记。 同时,上诉法庭的裁定也提醒债权人注意跨境执行程序的局限性,即使债权人在内地获得执行裁定,仍需符合香港法律的相关要求,方可在香港登记内地判决进行执行程序(无法经新、旧制度在香港登记的内地判决仍有机会循普通法程序执行,但须时较长)。
另外应注意的是,一般而言,香港高等法院在新制度下能够登记更多类型的内地判决,新制度对内地判决的定义亦存在较少限制。
如针对内地民商事判决而言,新制度下「根据内地法律属民商事性质的法律程序中作出的内地判决」(除了某些类型的判决)已基本符合可在香港登记的内地判决,相关条文并没有如旧制度中明文规定内地民商事判决必须「饬令缴付一笔款项」才能申请在香港登记。
然而在新制度下,究竟由内地公证处根据相关公证债权文书作出相关债务的裁定、及后由内地法院针对相关债务的执行程序的判决是否可以在香港登记,这点是值得商榷的。
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〈关于内地与香港特别行政区法院就仲裁程序相互协助保全的安排〉的战略优势:选择香港作为仲裁地》
11 July 2025
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在联系日益紧密的全球经济中,国际商事仲裁已经成为解决跨境争议的首选机制。其中的中立性、可执行性以及程序灵活性等优势,使其成为企业在处理复杂商业关系时不可或缺的工具。
对于与内地企业进行交易并指定仲裁作为争议解决机制的企业而言,选择仲裁地至关重要。在拥有国际仲裁机构的各个司法管辖区中,香港脱颖而出,提供着其独特的优势:根据从2019年10月1日起生效的《关于内地与香港特别行政区法院就仲裁程序相互协助保全的安排》(以下简称「保全安排」),仲裁地位于香港的仲裁当事人能够直接通过内地法院获得临时措施。
什么是“临时措施”?
临时措施(或临时救济)是指在争议最终确定之前,由法院发出的临时命令,目的是维持现状、保护证据或防止资产在进行中的程序中被耗散。在中国内地,临时措施包括资产保全、证据保全和行为保全。
临时措施的获得对于有效的争议解决过程至关重要。这些措施有助于保留争议中所涉及的价值,并确保随后的仲裁裁决可以被执行。
保全安排是如何运作的
在保全安排生效之前,对于仲裁地不是位于中国内地的仲裁程序,当事人实际上很难向内地法院申请临时措施以支持仲裁程序。具开创性的保全安排允许由适格仲裁机构【1】管理及仲裁地位于香港的仲裁的当事人向指定的内地法院【2】申请临时措施,无论是在仲裁开展之前亦或是在仲裁程序进行期间。
例如,任何在香港国际仲裁中心(HKIAC)根据相关管理规则进行的仲裁程序的当事人,都可以根据保全安排向指定的内地法院申请针对另一方的临时措施,具体如下:
- 在HKIAC接受仲裁之前,申请方应直接向指定的内地法院提交申请。如果法院批准了申请,申请方必须在HKIAC开始仲裁,并在临时措施发出后的30天内向法院提交「受理函」。
- 在HKIAC接受仲裁之后,申请方应向HKIAC申请「受理函」,并附上所有相关文件,例如向指定的内地法院提交临时措施申请的草稿。
「受理函」是指由HKIAC出具的正式信函,致指定的内地法院,证明HKIAC已接受仲裁,以便当事人根据保全安排提出相关申请。
HKIAC:保全安排的关键数据
自保全安排生效以来:
- HKIAC在收到完整申请后的24小时内发出受理函;
- HKIAC已发出144份受理函。所有申请都是在已经开展的仲裁程序中提出的;
- 超过70%申请临时措施的当事人是非内地当事人;
- 临时措施申请提交给了44个不同的内地法院;
- 根据现有信息,内地法院从收到申请到发出决定的平均时间为26天(中位数为17天);
- HKIAC了解到内地法院已发出共101项决定。在其中的96项决定中,申请人提供了担保后,资产保全申请获得了批准;
- 申请保全的资产总价值达到人民币350亿元(约合47亿美元)。
对企业的实际优势
凭借保全安排,香港是唯一的国际仲裁中心及唯二的两个司法管辖区之一(另一个是澳门特别行政区)让当事人可以通过内地法院直接获得临时措施。结合于2021年5月19日生效的《关于内地与香港特别行政区相互执行仲裁裁决的补充安排》(以下简称「补充安排」),仲裁地位于香港的仲裁程序为当事人提供了确保仲裁裁决有效执行的独特优势。根据补充安排:
- 同时执行:当事人可以在香港和中国内地同时执行仲裁裁决,避免因时间限制而产生的延误和风险(根据中国内地法律,执行仲裁裁决的时间限制为2年,而根据香港法律为6年);
- 裁决后保全措施:由于根据保全安排授予的保全令在仲裁裁决发出后不再适用,补充安排填补了这一空白,授权内地法院在当事人申请后授予裁决后保全措施。
为了充分利用上述优势,我们建议企业在相关仲裁条款中指定香港作为仲裁地,并指定一间适格仲裁机构以管理仲裁。
结论
根据保全安排,仲裁地位于香港的仲裁为申请人提供了独特的优势,使其能够迅速在中国内地(外国当事人一直难以驾驭的司法管辖区)获得临时措施。
随着其他国家和中国内地之间的经济活动不断增加,将仲裁地位于香港的仲裁条款纳入合同有利于企业在仲裁程序开展之前或进行期间保全资产,并确保在仲裁裁决发出后有效执行。
CFN Lawyers, 凭借其在国际仲裁方面的专业知识以及帮助客户应对复杂的跨境法律环境的丰富经验,完全有能力协助您处理涉及内地的国际仲裁程序,并通过临时措施和仲裁裁决的执行来保障您的利益,同时就选择合适的仲裁条款及其法律影响向您提供建议。
[1] 「适格仲裁机构」指:
- 香港国际仲裁中心;
- 香港海事仲裁协会;
- 华南(香港)国际仲裁院;
- 一邦国际网上仲调中心;
- 亚非法协香港区域仲裁中心;
- 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会香港仲裁中心;及
- 国际商会国际仲裁院亚洲事务办公室。
[2] 对方住所地、财产所在地或证据所在地的中级人民法院。
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